Material Properties
Botanical Name 学名 : Shorea spp. 平滑（重黄）娑罗双
Others Names 俗称 : Chengal Batu/Selangan Batu/Balau
玉檀、白杪、柚檀、重蚁石、巴劳、黄梢、金柚檀
Family 科名 : Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科
General Characteristics : Heavy Hardwood. Heartwood light to deep red brown; sapwood lighter in colour, not always sharply demarcated. Texture moderately fine to slightly coarse; grain typically interlocked; without characteristic odour or taste; rather dull; resin canals with white contents in concentric lines on end surfaces. High density; Durability rated as very durable.
木材材性 ： 重硬木。心材黄褐色，新伐时黄或灰褐色或带红(非桃红色)，与边材区 别略显，边材色浅，宽3-6cm；生长轮不明显，木材光泽差；无特殊气 味；纹理深交错；结构细且均匀；木材重且质地硬，马来西亚产的该树 种气干密度约 0.96g/cm3。侧面硬度为10010N，强度甚高；木材的耐腐 性很强。心边材区分略明显，有时介以不明显的浅色纤维带。木材极耐 腐，加工困难，由于木材硬重和纹理深交错所致，工具刃口也易钝；刨 切容易或困难，但切面光滑。
Other end-uses : Sleepers, Ship building (planking and deck), Bridges (parts in contact with water or ground), Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground), Vehicle or container flooring, Industrial or heavy flooring, Flooring, Cooperage, Heavy Carpentry, Hydraulic works (fresh water), posts, Exterior Joinery, Garden furniture, Boxes and crates.
其他用途 : 木材重硬、强度甚高、耐久，用于重要的建筑物构件。适宜制作地板； 也适宜制作渔船龙骨及构架、桥梁、枕木、电杆、造船、船甲板、码 头，承重地板、承重家具、重型木工业。大梁、细木工和门窗、椽子、 搁栅等。由于木材耐腐性强，适用于条件差的场合。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Artocarpus spp. 胭脂树、木波罗
Others Names 俗称 : Keledang 胭脂梅、树波罗、波罗蜜
Family 科名 : Moraceae 桑科
General Characteristics : Medium Hardwood. Heartwood yellow to brown, sometimes with an olive green tinge, some species turning dark brown upon exposure; sapwood sharply defined in some species; texture moderately coarse to coarse; grain interlocked; moderately lustrous without distinctive odour or taste. Durability: This is considerable variation in heartwood durability within and between species ranging from perishable in ground contact to highly durable. The favourite wood for expensive hewn coffins among the Chinese community in Malaysia
木材材性 :中硬木。一般上心材黄色、黄褐色或橙褐色，风化后转至深褐。边材浅 黄，心边材区分略明显。纹理深交错; 结构粗糙均匀，气干密度约 495 －945 kg/m3。本地中式棺木多以此木为制造材料，价格昂贵，但极受 欢迎。
Other end-uses : Suitable for beams, posts, door and window frames, staircases, Interior joinery, Interior panelling, Flooring, Current furniture/ Furniture components, Turned goods, Stairs (inside), Musical instruments, Turnery, Heavy construction (under cover), Matches, Light carpentry, Vehicle or container flooring, Veneer for interior of plywood, Boxes and crates.
其他用途 : 用于建筑物构件、梁端 (船梁的末端)、柱、杆。适宜制作地板；也适宜制作电杆、托梁、细木工和门窗、楼梯、椽架、搁栅、车旋制品、家具、乐器、夹板、板条箱等。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Tectona Grandis 柚木
Others Names 俗称 : Teak/ Teakwood/ Kyun(Myanmar) 柚木
Family 科名 : Verbenaceae 马鞭草科
General Characteristics : Generally straight grained with a coarse, uneven texture, medium luster and an oily feel. Yellow brown to dark golden brown heartwood but tending to darken on exposure and grayish or white sapwood. Moderately hard and heavy, with low stiffness and shock resistance, moderate bending strength, moderate steam bending, and excellent decay resistance and dimensional stability. Good acid resistance. One of the most valuable timbers of the world, teak has an enormous consumption, and being strongly fire-resistant and immune from the attack of the white ant, its uses cover almost every department of woodwork. Its resistance to crushing and transverse strain has earned for it the reputation of being the strongest timber available.
木材材性： 印度、缅甸、泰国和越南等国的天然分布树种,世界名贵木材之一。心边材区别明显，边材浅黄褐色；心材金黄色，久之变为深黄褐色，在生长干燥地区多呈褐色条经纬度，弦面上呈抛物线花纹，木材有光泽，新材略有刺激性气味，无滋味，触之有脂感，在柚木材上有油脂的触觉，纹理通常直，但在同产区者亦有交错纹理，结构中至略粗，环孔材，生长轮明显，甚宽，不匀。木射线多，在肉眼下可见。稳定性好，湿胀性小，材色易于改变，但干燥后的木材颜色一致。耐腐性强，防腐性强，防腐处理困难。心材对白蚁及海中腐木生物的抵抗力甚强。具有良好的力学性质，耐腐损. 膨脹收縮為所有木材中最少之一。 能抵抗海陸動物之侵蝕，且不致腐蝕鐵類，因收縮率小，故不易漏水。因柚木具高度耐腐性，在各種氣候下不易變形，易於施工等多種優點。故適於製造船鑑，而作船隻甲板。現已成為著名於世界之高級木材。 斯堪的那維亞及東方型式家具多使用柚木製造。
Other end-uses : shipbuilding(especially decks), railway work, building construction, high-class joinery, gates, garden furniture, etc. indoor or outdoor furniture, flooring, paneling, plywood, decorative veneers, turnery, carving, chemical tanks and vats.
其他用途 : 柚木是世界两大名材之一。强度高、耐久、抗酸、干材尺寸稳定、资源丰富，是制作地板良材，素材地板使用情况也很也很适宜制作甲板、船 桨、桅杆、船舶、桥梁、码头；高级家具、门窗、楼梯踏板、室内装修、屋架、搁栅、柱子；木雕、木模、仪器箱盒、胶合板、电杆；建筑方面各部均适宜，钢琴及风琴外壳；试验室桌椅台和容器；枕木、车辆、农具；化工厂内的抗酸木槽、管道及塔架及装饰单板等。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Fraxinus Amarican 美洲白蜡木、白橼、白栓
Others Names 俗称 : American White Ash/ Canadian White Ash 美国水曲柳 、槐木
Family 科名 : Oleaceae 龙胆目，木犀科
General Characteristics : Hardwood. Grows in United States and Canada. Generally straight grained with a coarse texture. Pale-brown heartwood and almost white sapwood. Moderately heavy, hard, strong, and tough with moderately high shock resistance, good dimensional stability, and poor decay resistance. Steam-bends very well and is quite elastic. Machines fairly well with machine tools although turning and mortising properties are marginal. Glues, screws, and nails satisfactorily. Stains and finishes well, although filling may be required. White ash has been called the all-American leisure wood because of the large number of uses it has in sports and recreation equipment.
木材材性 : 水曲柳是一种落叶的乔木，属于阳性树种，稍耐盐碱。边材呈淡乳白色，心材由淡棕色到深棕色不等; 木纹明显，粗犷; 水曲柳以材质优良而著称。重，坚硬，强度好，硬度高。好的弯曲性能及耐冲击性，低抗腐蚀性。干燥处理好，能保持形状。钉钉及上螺丝性能中等好。 水曲柳的木 质坚韧，木级美观，可以制作各种家具、乐器、体育器具、车船、机械及特种建筑材料等。水曲柳在中国被列为三级保护植物。
Other end-uses : Baseball bats, pool cues, canoe paddles, tool handles, boat building, gates, garden furniture, indoor or outdoor furniture, flooring, paneling, turnery, carving, cooperage, boat oars, ladders, chairs, food containers, agricultural implements, plywood, and decorative veneer.
其他用途 : 主要用做豪华家具,尤其是弯曲的木椅。面板，出柜，运动物品,球 拍，桨，滑水板。工具把手,耙子，锄头，锹等等。地板，装饰线条，精细木工制品，运动器材等.
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Botanical Name 学名 : Species of Lauraceae 樟木
Others Names 俗称 : Medang/ Medang padang/ Bollywood(Aust.)/Batikuling
乌心楠，南投黃肉楠, 梅旦，黄樟
Family 科名 : Lauraceae 樟科
General Characteristics : Sapwood is not distinct in some species but moderately well-defined from the heartwood in other species. Heartwood is variable in colour the majority being light olive-brown to dark green-brown, while some Crytocarya spp. and Phoebe spp. are light red-brown, and some Cinnamomum spp. are pink to light red. Beilschmiedia spp. are yellow-white in colour. Grain is straight or slightly to moderately interlocked. Texture is moderately fine and even. Some species have a distinctive aromatic odour.
木材材性 ： 樟木樹高可達二三十米，全世界熱帶、亞熱帶區都廣為種 植。樹屬變有一千多種。木材有光澤，心材為紅褐色或淡黃褐色，具有強烈樟腦氣味，其葉可提取芳香油，木材能防屬 蛀、耐水濕。為常綠中喬木。邊心材區別不明顯，材色為黃綠褐色，木理微斜，木肌中庸。年輪末端因秋材部位數列纖維細胞壁增厚，年輪因而稍呈明顯。木材堅硬，收縮率大， 如乾燥處理不當易生割裂。
Other end-uses : A favoured carving wood in Philippines. Joinery, carving, patternmaking, furniture, light construction, rotary-cut veneer, interior finishing, panelling, plywood,
其他用途 : 为菲律宾广受欢迎之雕刻品材料。家具和箱櫃用材,可供製造建筑物构 件、農具柄等. 橱柜、精细木工制品、木制工艺、雕刻品、巅板、胶合 板。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Neobalanocarpus heimii, Balanocarpus spp. 新棒果香
Others Names 俗称 : Chengal / Penak / Takien-chan(Thailand)/ Narek(Philippines)
正蚁木、重蚁木、芬香波垒木
Family 科名 : Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科
General Characteristics : Heavy Hardwood. Heartwood light yellow brown with a distinct green tinge when fresh, changing on exposure to a dark brown or dark purple brown; sharply demarcated from the pale yellow sapwood. Luster moderate; grain usually only shallowly interlock; texture fine and even; odour and taste not distinctive. High density; Durability: Heartwood is very resistant to insect and fungal attack.
木材材性 ： 重硬木。心材浅黄棕色。新伐时并带有明显青色条纹，风化后转至深褐 或深紫褐色。与边材区别略显，边材色浅，木材光泽中等；无特殊气 味；纹理深交错；结构细且均匀；木材重且质地硬，马来西亚产的该树 种气干密度约 915－980kg/m3。强度甚高；木材的耐腐性很强，接触铁 质时不易腐蚀。木材极耐腐，加工困难，由于木材硬重和纹理深交错所 致，工具刃口也易钝；刨切容易或困难，但切面光滑。
Other end-uses : Sleepers, Ship building (planking and deck), Deck, Bridges (parts in contact with water or ground), Bridges (parts not in contact with water or ground), Vehicle or container flooring, Industrial or heavy flooring, Flooring, Cooperage, Heavy Carpentry, Lorry and truck body work, Exterior Joinery, Garden furniture, Boxes and crates.
其他用途 : 木材重硬、强度甚高、耐久，用于重要的建筑物构件。适宜制作地板； 也适宜制作渔船龙骨及构架、桥梁、枕木、电杆、造船、船甲板、码 头，承重地板、承重家具、重型木工业。大梁、细木工和门窗、椽子、 搁栅等。由于木材耐腐性强，适用于条件差的场合。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Maranthes Corymbosa and Parinari spp.
Others Names 俗称 : Merbatu / Kayu Batu / Sea Beam / Kolaka 墨岜都、白越木
Family 科名 : Rosaceae / Chrysobalanaceae 蔷薇科 / 金壳果科
General Characteristics : Medium Hardwood. Sapwood is lighter in colour but not clearly defined from the heartwood, which is red-brown, sometimes with a yellow tinge. Grain is straight, spiral or wavy. Texture is moderately coarse but even. Air-Dry Density, 690-975 kg/m3. Moderate durability in resistance to white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Resistant to attack by marine borers.
木材材性 ： 中硬木。边材色浅但于心材区别不明显。心材红棕色，有时带有黄色条 纹。新伐时深橙色，风化后转至深红棕色。纹理交错；结构略粗且均 匀；木材重且质地硬，马来西亚产的该树种气干密度约 690－ 975kg/m3。强度高；木材的耐腐性强。对海中腐木生物的抵抗力甚强。
Other end-uses : Marine construction; especially when continuously submerged to avoid decay fungi, ship keels, railroad crossties (treated). Ship building (planking and deck), Bridges. Also suitable for heavy to medium construction, posts, beams, salt water piling, parquet flooring and transmission posts.
其他用途 : 非常适用于海洋建造工程；长期潜于水中亦可抵抗海水侵蚀。也适宜制 作渔船龙骨及构架、桥梁、枕木、电杆、造船、船甲板、码头、地板、 重中型建筑等。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Heavea brasiliensis 橡胶木
Others Names 俗称 : Rubberwood / Para rubber (Indonesia/Malaysia) 橡胶木
Family 科名 : Euphorbiaceae 大戟科
General Characteristics : Light hardwood. Heartwood whitish when freshly cut, becoming light brown with a pink tinge on exposure; not distinct from sapwood. Texture moderately coarse and even; grain is straight to shallowly interlocked; has a characteristic sour smell; luster low.
木材材性 ： 新鮮製材為淡黃白色，久露大氣漸變為淡黃褐或淡紅褐色，心邊材區別 不明顯；木理通直，材質粗糙；分布于泰国南部，马来西亚；拼板车削性能良好，具有良好的握钉力，砂光及抛光性能良好，但不易干燥，收 缩率大，心材干燥易裂；干燥周期板料通常为7-14天，4寸以上方料为25天左右；主要缺陷易变形，易变色，易虫蛀，经防腐处理之后性能稳定。
Other end-uses : A popular timber for the manufacturer of furniture; also suitable for panelling, parquet flooring, staircases, utility articles and blackboard cores. Can be used in general construction provided particular care is used to control stain and insect attack, pulp and paper products, fibreboard, and particleboard, furniture components. Of course, the tree is best known for its yield of latex.
其他用途 : 纤维板、家具、工具手槟、车削品、工艺品及细木工制品、橱柜、小木 器加工、木鞋及室內裝修用材家具、车削品、地板、楼梯等等。
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Botanical Name 学名 : Pterocarpus spp. 紫檀 、Dalbergia spp. 黄檀
Others Names 俗称 : Rosewood/ Padauk / Ambila,Amboyna 花梨木、 玫瑰木、 香红木
Family 科名 : Leguminosae 豆科
General Characteristics : The Rosewoods are about 100-150 species of small to medium-size trees of the genus Dalbergia, They are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America, Africa and southern Asia. The wood of many species is hard, with a very attractive colour and grain figure. Several species are endangered in the wild due to over-cutting, but some are also grown in plantations. They are also grown as ornamental trees for their attractive foliage and flowers. While rosewood has enjoyed a long history and reputation of being an expensive and beautiful cabinet wood, it has also been used for less glamorous applications such as posts and rafters. Long ago the Chinese were said to use it to make spokes for the wheels of military chariots.
木材材性 ：花梨：又称花榈，玫瑰木属，西方国家称为玫瑰木,为世界名贵木材之一。泰国、缅甸、越面和南洋群岛均有出产。该属遍布于世界热带及亚热带，约有一百五十个品种。花梨的边材常为灰黄或黄褐色，心材为棕红色，久则变为红褐色，有时带条纹，木材纹理交织，花纹美观，刨面平滑光亮。花梨在中国海南岛和两广也有出产。明代家具以这种木材优美沉着的纹样，充分表现了木质的自然美。现代有的专家为区别这种木材和清代以后大量采用的进口的花梨木材，称之为“黄花梨”，而将后者区别为“新花梨”或“红花梨”（通常称为花梨）。它是明及清前期考究家具的主要材料。木材具香氣。有時具漣漪紋。
Other end-uses : High demand for manufacture of particularly musical instruments (e.g. the marimba and clarinets), but also furniture, parquetry and indoor panelling. Popular for many types of furniture, such as Scandinavian- style and Chinese-style furniture. Figured veneers. Piano cases, cabinets, ornamental boxes, inlaying,
其他用途 : 中國式家具、雕刻、乐器、地板及其他室內裝潢用途。
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Medium-Density Fibreboard (M.D.F) 中密度纤维板 （中纤板）
MDF belongs to the hardboard family of products which are made from wood fibres glued under heat and pressure.
Medium Density Fibreboard typically has densities between 33 and 50 pounds per cubic feet while High Density Fibreboard (HDF) ranges between 50 and 80 pounds per cubic feet. Hardboard was first produced in 1924 by W. H. Mason, founder of Masonite Corp. The term Masonite is therefore often used to denote hardboard products, especially HDF.
MDF has many qualities that make it an ideal replacement for plywood or particle board. It is dense, flat, stiff , has no knots and is easily machined. Its fine particles provide dimensional stability without a predominant “grain” (as is the case with lumber). Unlike most plywoods, MDF contains no voids, and will deliver sharp edges with no tear out. MDF is very well damped acoustically thus making it an ideal material for speaker enclosures.
中密度纤维板: 以木质纤维或其他植物纤维为原料，施加尿醛树脂或其他适用的胶粘剂制成密度在0.5-0.88构板材。
中密度纤维板的性能接近于天然木材，而且幅面大，厚度尺寸范围广，无天然木材的缺陷，结构均匀，密度适中，因此可以加工各种异型的边缘。不需封边处理，可直接涂饰。还可以进行表面雕刻镂铣或加工成各种线条，能得到各种设计造型效果。
中密度纤维板表面细致光洁，容易进行表面装饰处理，除了常用的表面装饰材料外，还可使用更薄的饰面材料，如微薄木，薄页纸，甚至直接印刷油漆装饰，可取得理想的饰面效果，同时降低了饰面成本。中密度纤维板用途广泛，适用于家具、建筑、车船交通、家用电器、包装、乐器等行业。